Andrew on Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (Andrew Hartman)

1.      

a.       Philosopher of the 17^th century

b.      April 5^th, 1588 – December 4^th  1679

c.       Leviathan

                                                              i.       “Social Contract Theory”

1.      “Individuals have consented, explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of a ruler in exchange for the protection of their remaining rights.”

2.      Why would a free individual give up their autonomy for the benefit of political order?

3.      “Bellum omnium contra omnes.” – “War of all against all.”

                                                            ii.      Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil

1.      Written during the English Civil War

2.      Of Man

a.       Describes human nature and why an individual would make these concessions in a world. Bound by the laws of nature.

3.      Of Common-wealth

a.       Types of common-wealth

                                                                                                                                      i.      Monarchy (Best) - Tyranny

                                                                                                                                    ii.      Aristocracy - Oligarchy

                                                                                                                                  iii.      Democracy - Anarchy

b.      Succession

                                                                                                                                      i.      Democracies and Aristocracies – Easy

                                                                                                                                    ii.      Monarchy – Hard

c.       Religion

                                                                                                                                      i.      Sovereign government has the right to assert power over matters of faith and doctrine.

                                                                                                                                    ii.      Deferred to the English head of state at the time.

d.      Taxation

                                                                                                                                      i.      “Every man owes to the commonwealth for his defense and the maintenance of the rule of law.”

                                                                                                                                    ii.      Not often cited for his economic insight as much as his political insight.

4.      Of a Christian Common-wealth

a.       Religious power should be subordinate to civil power.

5.      Of the Kingdom of Darkness

a.       Darkness = Ignorance

b.      Intentional misinterpretation considered one of the worst offenses.

Jane on Dryden's wit and satire

Dryden's Wit and Satire (Jane Wilson)

The seventeenth century poet, John Dryden has a notable reputation today as a master of satire. Absalom and Achitiphel, MacFlecknoe and The Medall are his among most noted satires. Supposedly, satire is a vehicle used to draw the victim’s attention to his/her folly; to focus on abuses and prevailing vices. Dryden being a product of the Augustan era used a political satire due to the events which occurred during the reign of Charles II of England .Obviously, he couldn’t openly write about the conflict and turmoil of his nation; so, he dressed them in poetic wit. 

Cole on Libertinism

Libertinism (Cole Gilman)

According to the Webster’s Dictionary a man who practices libertinism, or a libertine, is one who is sexually promiscuous or, more generally, is unrestrained by convention or morality. One individual who fell within this category was John Wilmot, Second Earl of Rochester, whom we are looking at in class. Rochester “distinguished himself as ‘the man who has the most wit and the least honor in England’” (Lipking). He was renowned for “his practical jokes, his affairs, and his dissipation” (Lipking). One such event involved him abducting the heiress Elizabeth Malet, an act that saw him imprisoned in the Tower of London. This philosophy of libertinism was not limited to personal life. Often Rochester aimed his wit at individuals such as John Dryden and the King, Charles II.

“Libertine.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/libertine.

Lipking, Lawrence, and James Noggle. The Norton Anthology English Literature. 9th ed., C, W.W. Norton & Company, 2012.

Neufeldt, Victoria, and Andrew N Sparks, editors. Webster's New World Dictionary. Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Amanda on Greenpeace

Greenpeace ad (Amanda Kohrman)

At a glance, this advertisement seems calming and happy. The image has vibrant colors and a brilliant contrast as sunlight refracts in the water. Without reading the full message, the words GREATEST, WONDER, and ALIVE pop out at the audience. These words give the viewer a temporary sense of tranquility before they really notice what’s going on in the ad. It only takes a moment of attention however, before the true meaning of this advertisement is revealed. Suddenly, all the feelings of peace have scattered and you are left with the uneasy weight of devastation. What you once thought were colorful fish, have now been revealed as plastic, glass, and debris. Your eyes jump around helplessly, but you realize there isn’t a single fish in sight. Confused, you look up to read the full caption. It reads…

“THE GREATEST WONDER

OF THE SEA IS

THAT IT’S STILL ALIVE”

…Composed only of words typically used to describe goodness, this caption plants an unsettling mood in the target audience. They look back at the Listerine bottles, beer bottles, crushed cans, and tubes. And they are brought to sense, while realizing this image, which is causing them internal distress, could have easily been recreated using the garbage that they themselves have been responsible for. The audience is stressed as they remember walking past trash by a river bank and stepping over flattened foam cups, justifying their actions because they felt someone else should have been responsible. The truth is, people don’t give it a second thought and they don’t write their name and address on trash they discard. Which leads to the point this ad is making, that this sea could very well be full of your own waste. And the greatest wonder you’d ask yourself is, “Why didn’t you give it a second thought?”

Oliva on WWF

World Wildlife Fund Ad (Olivia York)

This ad is from WorldWildife.org. This website is primarily focused on saving different species from going extinct. I found this ad to be interesting because it speaks volume about the threat of Elephant extinction without using any words. The elephant in the picture is disappearing into dust. This picture speaks volume from an elephant disappearing to thin dust to the light it shares on how serious everyday animals are becoming extinct. Why are they becoming extinct? That question is easy, people are constantly hunting animals for their skin, the food the potential can bring, and more. This ad inspires you to take a stand and fight to save animals rights and lives. 

Emily on John Locke

John Locke (Emily Jones)

John Locke was born in Somerset, England in 1632 to Puritan parents, his father was a renowned country lawyer. He attended Westminster School where he learned several languages, math, and geography. At 20 years old, he was admitted to Christ Church, and it was there where he studied the works of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes. He is considered one of the greatest English philosophers, due to his accomplishments and contributions. He was a leading figure in the fields of epistemology, metaphysics, theology, medicine, physics, economics, politics, education, and political philosophy. He has published several renowned works such as “An Essay Concerning the Human Understanding”, “Two Treatises of Government”, and “The Reasonableness of Christianity”. In 1704, he passed away, forever known as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers.

Source: “John Locke”. Famous Scientists; The Art of Genius. 2019, Content & Imagery. https://www.famousscientists.org/john-locke/

Veronica on Carlsberg

Beer Can Control the Weather (Veronica Wild)

Defining the laws of mother nature, Carlsberg beer can bring good weather, sexy women, and a smile to your face. All of these luxuries can be yours with just one sip of our brew. At least that’s what this advertisement suggests. Everyone wants happiness, and Carlsberg leads their audience to believe that if you use their product, you will be happy. The subjects in this ad are two happy men drinking their beers. I believe the subjects in this picture, have a connection with the target audience; which suggests to put yourself in their shoes. Drink this, and you will be just as happy as these two men. Relaxing on a luxurious boat, it seems like these guys don’t have a care in the world. Both men are dressed in white, sipping their beers, laughing and having a good time. The two women in the background draws the eye in, and adds an element of shock. A rainbow draws your eye to one of the girls sunbathing on the side of the boat. The other girl is showering beneath a rain cloud, similar to the cloud raining on the stash of beers. I believe this compares the attractive woman, to the beer. Suggesting that both of these things will fulfil your needs.  

  

Elise on James II

James II (Elise Price)

James II, son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria commanded the Royal Navy. He married Anne Hyde and had two surviving children, Mary and Anne. James converted to Catholicism and took many stands against anti-catholic moves. Although there were concerns, this did not affect his succession to the throne when Charles I died in 1685. When James attempted civic equality with the Roman Catholics and Protestants, there was conflict with Parliament that caused him to rule alone. After the birth of his son with his second wife, people were worried that England would be all Roman Catholic. Because of this, William of Orange, the protestant husband of James' eldest daughter, invaded, causing James to flee. This led to the joint ruling of William and Mary. James died in exile in 1701.

Kayla's very very sad ad

Kayla Reidenbach

This would be a good advertisement to write an essay on because of the message it is sending. The image in the picture is quite graphic and very surreal. Also, the fact that it is calling us, the people who see these images, out. With a society that is so into social media, we see these types of things often on social platforms and become numb to it because we see it so much. Consequently, we never try to act upon these horrifying things that go on in our society and world today. All we do when we see these types of images are either “like” or “retweet” it and move on with our lives and that is the end of it. When in reality we should be helping our brothers and sisters in need, not ignoring them. It would be good to bring this reality to light and wake people up a bit to perhaps want to pursue in helping those in need.

Brenna on the oars

Put in Your Oar (Breanna Wilson)

James Watson and Francis Crick wrote an essay on the discovery of DNA, throughout the essay they thought rhetorically about their audience and how to deliver their message. Wayne Booth analyzed Watson and Crick’s use of rhetoric and showed how their understanding of rhetorical situation, their audience, and the stakes that were involved in making their claim. That had a great deal to do with how that claim was received, which lead them to win the Nobel Prize.

Wed 16 Jan

Figure expression
Figure posture
Background guns
Background milieu
"Endorsed by" logo

Gannery on the Imagination

Imagination in Everyone's an Author (Gannery Htoo)

“remember that intuition and imagination can often lead to great insights” (pg.13).  Reading this topic, many of us can relate to the times when we were being imaginative lead us to great projects and many successful doings. In “Be Imaginative” a student athlete takes on a task in which he has interest in. From his interest he studies about the mass media coverage on the Olympics. The student athlete than figures that a magazine that has a huge role in promoting the Olympics is Sports Illustrated.  This would lead him to gather information and write his topic on how Sports Illustrated is a promoter for the Olympics.  As described in the reading, the student athlete researches older magazine and discovers that over a period, the magazine cover seems to have a change that questioned his thinking to create an argument for him to be creative and open minded to do more research. The students discovery was that “over the decades of its Olympics coverage, Sports Illustrated had slowly but surely moved from focusing on teams to depicting only individual stars”. His creative thinking leads him to write a much more interesting and a more persuasive essay.  Writing this essay has allowed the student athlete to capture the attention of his instructor, fellow students and local sports magazine. If we be imaginative, it may just end us up in finding out things we may have never done if we just kept our minds plain and simple.

Steph on the Long Parliament

The Long Parliament (Steph Mazur)

The long parliament began in November of 1640, and it lasted (in various forms) until 1660, though the year 1641 was particularly important. Religious dissent was rampant at the time: anti-Catholic fervor was fomenting, dissatisfaction with the Church of England was growing, anger toward the Scots Covenanters (Presbyterians) was continuing, and the Roundhead Revolution was occurring (Schama 104-106). In May of 1641 King Charles I signed a bill that “prohibited the dissolution of parliament without its own consent” (Schama 114), limiting his powers and increasing the powers of parliament. In August of 1641, Charles I went to Scotland ostensibly to garner a peace settlement with the Covenanters, but also to find a way to use the Scots against the English. This plotting was all for naught as the rebellion in Ireland violently exploded in October of 1641. The leaders of the Irish rebellion thought they were helping the king, but they only fed the fires of anti-Catholic sentiment (Schama 116). At the end of November 1641, King Charles returned to England. A bill suggesting that parliament control the militia was read in the House of Commons (Schama 120), again limiting the powers of the king. The Grand Remonstrance, a list of grievances against Charles I, was passed in the House of Commons in November and presented to the king in December of 1641 (Schama 120). These actions, for all practical intents and purposes, led to the English Civil War.

Schama, Simon. A History of Britain, Volume II: The Wars of the British 1603-1776.

Talk Miramax Books, 2001.

Hollar, Wenceslaus. The True Manner of Sitting of the Lords and Commons, 1641. Getty Images.

           

            Accessed 12 January 2019.

Kate on Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell  (Kate Niswander)

Oliver Cromwell was an English solider and statesman who led the English Civil Wars. He was also the lord protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland during the Commonwealth. He was born in April 25, 1599 in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England and died in September 3, 1658 in London. He was one of the generals for the parliamentary side of the civil war against the king and he helped restore the country’s status back to its high European power since its decline after the death of Queen Elizabeth the first. He believed in the power of religious toleration and helped to increase the Puritan belief sets in both Europe as well as North America at the time.

Text and Picture Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oliver-Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell, painting by Robert Walker; in the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Josh on thinking rhetorically

Thinking Rhetorically   Josh Westrick

“The only real alternative to war is rhetoric”. Professor Wayne booth used this quote at a conference just after the 9/11 attacks. This statement created waves, as it was a statement that fit the times, we lived in. A country on the brink of war, the only alternative was rhetoric. The world is a war-ravaged place and mix of ideas that cause a stir of emotions. But the statement he made that day holds true.  Words can be used for persuasion or violence. The pursuit of rhetorical thinking gives us a tool that allows for meaningful discussion and helps to create an understanding of ideas. This chapter hits heavily on learning to listen and think critically before you speak. The book gives a basic tool kit for rhetorical thinking that resonates with me.

                                 I.            How do you want to come across to your audience?

                               II.            What can you do to represent yourself as knowledgeable and credible?

                             III.            What can you do to show respect both for your audience and for those whose work and thinking you engage with?

                            IV.            How can you show that you have your audience’s best interests at heart?

These basic rules will help those that you wish to engage with, hear what you have to say and think critically themselves. These guidelines though cannot force others to listen to your ideas or take them seriously. Those that do not question their own beliefs will never see anything wrong with the thoughts they hold. 

Dawson on the Plague of 1665

The Plague of 1665  Dawson Furnish

The Great Plague of 1665 was one of the final and most destructive outbreaks of bubonic plague England had faced. The bubonic plague, known as The Black Death, was not new to the English; in 1347 the epidemic emerged and lasted until 1351 and killed around what is estimated from 75 to 200 million people. Many believe the plague originated in China and spread throughout Europe through various trade routes. After 1351 the plague was always present among the English with many smaller outbreaks happening throughout the years. The plague had a final outbreak in 1665 killing around 200 million London residents, a quarter of its population. The plague is a bubonic disease caused by the bacteria called Yersinia pestis. Symptoms of this disease would be fevers, headaches, coughing, and vomiting to name a few. The most known symptom of the plague would be the large black buboes or boils that would form around the lymph nodes of the body. The great plague of 1665 started the summer before where the disease would start running rampant in the heat. The sickness was spread through the many rats that inhabited the city; furthermore, the plague would never be transmitted by the actual rat but the fleas that would travel on the back of rats. Once the plague started spreading, many of the wealthier inhabitants would leave the city while the lower classes had no choice but to stay. Many policies were enforced in order to contain the plague. For example, once a person was discovered to have the plague, the city would force them and the ones living with the diseased to stay inside their homes at all times and paint a red cross on their front door. Another method used to contain the plague was the city would collect the dead infected at night and burry them in mass graves. As the winter came, the plague had slowed down due to the colder weather and was less contagious. A major factor of the sickness ceasing to spread was the fire that occurred the year after burning many of the houses within London and any possible remanence of the plague with them.

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/great-plague/

Kristen on the Great Fire (1666)

The Great Fire of London (1666)  Kristen Black

Seventeenth century London was a city susceptible to disaster by way of its flammable and vulnerable housing conditions. As homes were in close proximity and made of timber, if any flames were to threaten the area, residents were instructed to utilize buckets of water to the best of their ability. On September 2, 1666, an oven became engulfed not long before the baker’s remaining house; he escaped, but his assistant became the first fatality. Once one building was ablaze, a tragic domino effect took place and neighboring stores began to also be enveloped. The makeshift firefighters were highly unprepared and resolved to evacuate their loved ones in order to avoid great injury and death. According to accounts of the event, all that took place could have been witnessed from nearly 30 miles in the distance, and it did not come under control until five days later. By the end, around 13,000 homes, 90 churches, and multitudes of public buildings were destroyed; this made up more than four-fifths of the city being in ruins. After 16 casualties, restoration began to take place and new construction involved the use of brick and stone, as well as much more space between establishments. Over the course of thirty years, the area was rebuilt entirely and a monument stands in the place of the original starting point of the Great Fire.


Detail of an etching from a contemporary Dutch broadside on the Great Fire of London, 1666, Trustees of the British Museum, retrieved from https://greatfireoflondon.net/after-the-fire/

Preston on "First, Listen"

Preston Forys, "First, Listen"

Listening is more than just hearing the words someone is saying, it is openly hearing and comprehending the message they are trying to give you. Listening includes responding in a way that involves your own thoughts on the topic discussed. Fully listening could be called Rhetorical listening according to Krista Ratcliffe.

42204 9 Jan

Some terminology neglected from previous class period:

English Revolution

Stuarts
     James I (1603-25)
     Charles I (1625-49)
     Interregnum (1649-60)
     Charles II (1660-85)
     James II (1685-88)
     William and Mary (1688-1702)
      Anne (1702-14)

Hanoverians
        George I (1714-27)
        George II (1727-60)
        George III (1760-1820)
        George IV (1820-30)
        William IV (1830-37)
        [Victoria (1837-1901)]

Glorious Revolution (1688-89)

Enlightenment

"God said, 'Let Newton be!" and all was LIGHT!" Pope

Age of Reason

satire

epic

mock epic

cavalier lyric

ode

occasional poetry

couplets
    closed
    open

131 9 Jan 19

We are moving to LA 112.

We need presenters for Monday:

1. EA

"What do you think--and Why?" + "Do Your Homework" (10-12): Gannery
"Put In Your Oar" (15-17): Breanna

2. Will someone send me an ad, with a brief description of why it might be good for a paper? Kayla

Today's star presenters:

Intro to "Thinking Rhetorically" (5)  Josh
"Listen" (8)  Preston
"Hear" (9)  Veronica

Paragraph plagiarism summary example

Let's try and write a paper together.

Build a paragraph first from a mess.

What do all ads have in common? ($? visc.? manip? dis.? evil? play on fears?)

https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/resor-helen-lansdowne-1886-1964/98850/

131 example--sources

Joe Schmoe La Dough       Avoiding Plagiarism

The contributors to Everyone's an Author provide a fairly complete list of what must be cited and what does not need to be acknowledged in formal writing. Common knowledge, data well known to a given audience, information from famous documents, or one's own work: none of these requires a citation. Yet other materials certainly need to be identified by their creators on a Works Cited or bibliography page. Specific ideas, whether summarized, paraphrased, or quoted, need to be credited. Specialized information in only a few outlets should be cited, as well. Of course, materials like tables and graphs fall into this category, as well (Lunsford, et al. 528-29). It is fairly easy to provide examples.  For instance, most people know that Thomas Jefferson was our third president. A convention of sports enthusiasts would not need to be told that the New York Yankees are baseball's most successful team, with twenty-seven World Series victories. Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech is a famous document, and most of its phrasing at least somewhat familiar to Americans. None of these needs documentation. However, specific information about Jefferson's personal life or words he wrote about the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 should be cited. If Mris. Coretta Scott King was alleged by some of Dr. King's biographers to have contributed to "I have a dream," this should be documented, too. I'd imagine that a list of the five Yankees players who were on the most Series-winning teams would need a source. Ultimately, avoiding plagiarism is not that difficult. It's yours, or it's not.

                                                     Works Cited

Lunsford, Andrea, et al., eds. Everyone's an Author. New York: Norton, 2017.
Timmermans, Maurice. "New Anti-Plagiarism Software." Observant 10 September 2014. https://www.observantonline.nl/English/Home/Articles/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/2815/New-anti-plagiarism-software. Accessed 6 January 2019

131 ad

Source: https://www.adsoftheworld.com/media/print/spid_baby_2

Source: https://g.cz/pruzkum-vadi-cechum-sex-v-reklamach/?page=1

42204 Spring 2019

https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5045449558512778240#editor/target=post;postID=3189375145356454389