1.
a. Philosopher
of the 17th century
b. April
5th, 1588 – December 4th
1679
c. Leviathan
i.
“Social
Contract Theory”
1. “Individuals
have consented, explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and
submit to the authority of a ruler in exchange for the protection of their
remaining rights.”
2. Why
would a free individual give up their autonomy for the benefit of political
order?
3. “Bellum
omnium contra omnes.” – “War of all against all.”
ii.
Leviathan
or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil
1. Written
during the English Civil War
2. Of
Man
a. Describes
human nature and why an individual would make these concessions in a world.
Bound by the laws of nature.
3. Of
Common-wealth
a. Types
of common-wealth
i.
Monarchy (Best) - Tyranny
ii.
Aristocracy - Oligarchy
iii.
Democracy - Anarchy
b. Succession
i.
Democracies and Aristocracies – Easy
ii.
Monarchy – Hard
c. Religion
i.
Sovereign government has the right to
assert power over matters of faith and doctrine.
ii.
Deferred to the English head of state at
the time.
d. Taxation
i.
“Every man owes to the commonwealth for
his defense and the maintenance of the rule of law.”
ii.
Not often cited for his economic insight
as much as his political insight.
4. Of
a Christian Common-wealth
a. Religious
power should be subordinate to civil power.
5. Of
the Kingdom of Darkness
a. Darkness
= Ignorance
b. Intentional
misinterpretation considered one of the worst offenses.
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